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15. Bureaucratic model in public administration

The bureaucratic model in public administration, also known as the classical or traditional model, is characterized by a structured and hierarchical organization. Key features of this model include:

1. Hierarchy: A clear chain of command with well-defined levels of authority, where decisions flow from the top down.

2. Specialization: Employees have specialized roles and responsibilities based on their expertise and training.

3. Formal Rules and Procedures: Strict adherence to rules and procedures to ensure consistency, fairness, and accountability.

4. Impersonality: Decisions and actions are based on objective criteria rather than personal preferences.

5. Merit-Based Employment: Recruitment, promotion, and retention of employees are based on merit and qualifications.

6. Limited Discretion: Employees have limited autonomy and decision-making authority, following established guidelines.

7. Efficiency and Rationality: The primary focus is on achieving efficiency in the delivery of public services and achieving rational outcomes.

8. Bureaucratic Control: Supervision and control mechanisms are in place to ensure compliance with rules and regulations.

While the bureaucratic model has been a dominant approach in public administration for many years, it has also faced criticism for its potential for inefficiency, inflexibility, and a lack of responsiveness to the changing needs of society. As a result, alternative models, such as the post-bureaucratic model mentioned earlier, have emerged to address these shortcomings.

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